MOST IMPORTANT TOPIC FOR TIMES SPARK ONLINE EXAM

MOST IMPORTANT TOPIC FOR TIMES SPARK ONLINE EXAM
UNDERSTANDING TYPES OF TONE:

The tone refers to the emotions expressed by the author towards the subject he/she is talking about.

This can be easily identified using a 3 step process:

1-Identify key words in the passage

Keywords mentioned in the passage which hint at the mental state of the author.

How ? – By identifying the appropriate adjectives.

*Example:-If the author mentions in the passage that the

condition of pitch was “abysmal” then the tone of author would be most likely be critical. If he were factual in this case, then he would have used a neutral /diplomatic /non-commital words in the context.

 

NOTE  THAT ONLY THE KEY ADJECTIVES NEED TO BE IDENTIFIED.

2-Identify the sentiment of the author

 By identifying the key adjectives ,we can hint at the sentiment

 of the author.

 The sentiment can broadly be categorized into 3 types:

 a)Positive-Where the author generally agrees with the facts he   presents.

 b)Negative-Where the author is against the fact presented.

 c)Neutral-Where the author only presents the facts.

 He may also analyze those facts without agreeing or disagreeing   with it.

3-Eliminate the answer options and arrive at the answer

Once you broadly classify the sentimental of the author, you can look at the answer options and eliminate the ones that don’t fit .

Out of the remaining options , choose the options that best fits the sentiment of the author.

SOME  OF  THE MORE COMMON WRITING STYLES

There are few which are more popular in Reading passages

#1.Descriptive:This is the most common type of tone/writing style in passages.

*Main purpose is to describe. It is a style of writing that  focuses on describing a character, an event, or a place in great detail. It can be poetic when the author takes the time to be very specific in his or her descriptions.

*It is more like a news reporting you see in front of newspaper.

*This writer begins in a general  manner and then offers a detailed

description of the subject.

Examples-But Nadal kept him constantly off balance and out of position with his whipping shots, ferocious defense and adroit shot making.

At the graveyard, Willie's spirit is joined by a garrulous, motley community of ghosts who exist in the liminal state between life and death.

To tax things like air-conditioned venues or readymade garments more as they are luxuries is archaic, obsolete and fake-socialist.

#2.Narrative:  The author could use a narrative style in which things move like a story ; with a definite beginning , middle & end.

It is characterized by a personal touch to the description of events.

#3.Analytical:As name suggests, involves a detailed treatment of an issue or situation.

*The author dives deep & tries to follow the chain of reasoning and draw inferences.

*The author weighs the different point of view in favour of or against his argument before arriving at any conclusion.

*Argumentative style of writing , the author analyses the topic after taking a stand.He tries to persuade the reader using a chain of reasoning ,evidence or suggestions ,It is a variant of analytical style of writing.

Tone of passages

*The word tone generally refers to the quality of  sound but here it refers to the predominant of emotion or absence of it displayed by the author.

*The tone also reflects the attitude of the author   towards a subject or character.

*Broadly , the tone can be classified as subjective   or objective in nature.

*An objective tone is used when the author   doesn’t choose any side & remains a neutral &   detached observer.

*On the contrary a subjective tone reflects the   emotion displayed by the author.

-Some of the common tones used by   the authors are listed below :

1)Critical- Denotes negative or fault finding attitude of the author.something the word critical is also used to denote deep analysis of the issue with a neutral outlook

(judgmental about merits of the issues under discussion).

2)Laudatory/Eulogistic-to shower high praise on somebody or

something. (praising /extolling).

3)Cynical-a higher degree of pessimism coupled with a sense of

 scepticism and helplessness.

(distrustful and questioning the motives of others).

4)Satirical- To use humour as a tool for healthy criticism.

5)Sarcastic-to use the words opposite to what you mean to taunt or make  fun of somebody.Author uses his words  to ridicule or insult or mock the topic under discussion.

6)Didactic- when author tries to teach or instruct something

(intending to teach,having moral instructions).

7)Nostalgic- conveys  a sense of longing for the past.

(sentimental about the past).

8)Pleading-Emotional/Earnest appeal to someone.

Here are some more types tones in the chart below